
Tropes & Figures
Litotes
Litotes is a trope of artistic understatement of the size, force or significance of an object, the opposite of hyperbole ("a thumb-sized boy," "next to nothing," "two steps from here"). A second, rhetorical meaning of litotes is affirmation through the negation of the opposite ("not without talent" instead of "talented"), which lends the utterance restraint, caution or an ironic shade. As a means of understatement, litotes emphasises the smallness, inconspicuousness or modesty of an object, often with a lyrical or humorous colouring. Both varieties of litotes operate on the contrast between the real degree of a feature and its linguistic presentation. Litotes is widespread in folklore, in colloquial speech and in literature as a subtle means of emotional-evaluative characterisation.
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Meaning, origins and distinction — side by side.
Distinction
Opposite tropes of degree. Hyperbole artistically EXAGGERATES size, force or significance ("rivers of blood") to strike the imagination and emphasise an exceptional degree. Litotes, conversely, UNDERSTATES ("next to nothing") or affirms through the negation of the opposite ("not without talent"). Both work on the contrast between real degree and linguistic presentation, but in opposite directions.









